The Languages of the World by Computer
Spanish
"A Deer" by Sumiko Ogushi (1995)
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The Contents
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The Spanish Language
Audio: Buenos días! Uno, dos, tres. Gracias!
- Spanish (español in Spanish) is spoken in Spain, Central and South America, and other parts of the world.
- Spanish is a Romance language, born out of Vulgar Latin that entered the Iberian peninsula in the third century A.D., influenced by the Iberian languages of the pre-Roman times, and later by the languages of the Franks, a Germanic tribe, and the Arabs. Also called "Castilian" (castellano in Spanish), it is based on the language spoken in Castile (Castilla) of northern part of Spain, with the principal city of Madrid, and gained a national language status as Castile played a leading role in the Christian Reconquest against the Arabs and other political activities.
- The Spanish language uses the 27-letter alphabet, consisting of the 26 letters as used in English plus Ñ/ñ, called "enye" (N/n with tilde (~) on them). This 27-letter alphabet was adopted in April, 1994, at the 10th Congress of the Association of the Academies of the Spanish Language (X Congreso de la Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española), attended by the representatives from the Spanish-speaking countries of the world. The pre-1994 dictionaries and textbooks on Spanish describing that the Spanish language uses the 30-letter alphabet, including the letters Ch, Ll and rr, are expected to be changed soon to the "27-letter alphabet." In addition, the acute accent (') on vowels and the dieresis (two horizontal dots) on u (ü) are used. The accent marks on capital letters are frequently omitted.
Each question or exclamatory sentense begins with the inverted question mark (¨) or exclamation mark (), respectively, and ends in the normal question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!). When the question or exclamatory sentence begins with a vocative or a vocative word group, the inverted question or expclamatory mark is placed after the vocative or the vocative word group.
- Spanish "c" before "e" and "i," and "z" are pronounced as English "th" as in "thing"; "g" before "e" and "i," and "j" as Scottish "ch" as in "loch" (lake). The Spanish "ll" characters are pronounced as "ly," but increasingly as "y," a tendancy called "yeismo." See also below for Latin American Spanish.
- Spain's monetary unit is peseta (Pta or Pts).
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Spanish by Computer
Spanish by Computer
- Extended ASCII Code (Code Page 437) for DOS
- Multilingual Latin 1 Code (Code Page 850) for DOS
- Western Europe Code (Code Page 1252) for Windows
- 102-key Spain Keyboard Layout
Note: C/c with cedilla on the right side of the second row from the bottom is for Catalan (see below).
Spanish by the Internet
IBMPC and Compatibles
Macintosh
Other Computers
Retailers of Spanish Software
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The Spanish Variations
Andalusian and Other Spanish Dialects
- Spanish is also spoken widely in Central and South America, from Mexico down to Chile and Argentine, except in Brazil where Portuguese is used.
- Latin American Spanish "c" before "e" and "i," and "z" are pronounced as English "s" as in "sing". The characters "ll" are pronounced as "y" in general, or "zh" as in English "leisure" in the La Plata region of Argentine, Uruguai and Paraguai. Latin American Spanish is said to have been influenced by the Andalusian dialect (andaluz) of Spanish because many Andalusians from south Spain immigrated to Latin America. Much influence from U.S. English also: "Computador (meaning English "computer"), carro ("car"), and OK!" in Latin American Spanish, vs. "ordenador, coche, and De acuerdo," respectively, in Spanish (Castilian). See also above for Spanish (Castilian).
Recent Trends: In the La Plata region. ll and y have begun to be pronounced "sh." For example, "caballo" (meaning "horse") as "cabasho". In the Carribbean region, independent "s" has the tendency to become mute; and "c" before "e" or "i," "s" and "z" are often pronounced "h" which never existed in the Spanish pronunciation. For example, "entonces" (meaning English "then") as "entonhe." [From the Spanish Conference Room of NIFTY-Serve's Romance Languages Forum (go flr), on Jan. 15-25, 1996]
- Mexico had a 1000 to 1 denomination in Janury, 1993, to nuevo peso (N$), now commonly called peso. Argentine's monetary unit is also peso ($). One hundred centavos make one peso.
- Latin American Spanish uses the Extended ASCII Code (Code Page 437) or Multilingual Latin 1 Code (Code Page 850)
- The 102-key Latin America Keyboard uses the layout similar to the Spain Keyboard.
Latin America Keyboard.
- Information About Mexico
- Learn Spanish in South America
The Reference
Language
- John N. Green, "Spanish" (pp. 236-259) in Bernard Comrie, Editor, "The World's Major Languages" (Oxford University Press, 1990) 0-19-506511-5
Computers
The Internet
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RealAudio: Bon dia! Bona tarde! Coming up here soon!
- Catalan is spoken in northeastern Spain (Catalonia, Valencia and the Baleares of Spain) and other areas in France and Italy. Catalonia has the industrial zone of Spain, and is the land of Antonio Gaudi y Cornet, Salvador Dali, Joan Miro' and Pablo Casals. Barcelona, the main city of Catalonia, hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1992.
- It is a Romance language and resembles Spanish (Castilian) and French. Catalan saw its golden age of literature in the 13th to 14th centuries. Forbidden to be used during the Franco era in this century, it became one of the four official languages of Spain under the 1978 Constitution.
- Catalan is written in the 26-letter English alphabet, plus the cedilla (trencada) on c. Both acute (') and grave (`) accents are used on e and o, the acute accent on i and u, the grave accent on a, and the dieresis on i and u. Like in French, "g" before "e" and "i," and "j" are pronounced "zh" as in English "zh" in "leisure." The characters "ll" are pronounced like "ll" in Spanish (such as Mallorca, meaning English "Majorca"), "ll" at the end of the word like "-lle" in French (such as coll, meaning "neck"), and "l-l" with hyphen in the middle like "ll" in Italian (such as pel-li'cula, meaning "photo film").
- Catalan uses the Extended ASCII Code (Code Page 437) or Multilingual Latin 1 Code (Code Page 850)
- The 102-key Spain Keyboard is used for processing Catalan in Spain.
Note: C/c with cedilla on the right side of the second row from the bottom is for Catalan.
- Lloran Comajoan's An Introduction to the Catalan Language & Culture
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Also known as Judesmo or Judeo-Spanish, it is the Spanish-based language spoken by the Jewish people in Spain, called the Sephardim, who fled the 15th-century religious persecution to the various European countries, north Africa and Ottoman Turk. Some people now use it in U.S.A. and Israel. Ladino should be distiguished from Yiddish, a German language also written in Hebrew characters, which is used by the Ashkenazi, the Jewish people from Germany and eastern Europe.
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世界の言葉をコンピューターで
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内容:
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スペイン語とは
Audio: Buenos di'as! Uno, dos, tres. Gracias!
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スペイン語をコンピューターで
Spanish by Computer
- Extended ASCII Code (Code Page 437) for DOS
- Multilingual Latin 1 Code (Code Page 850) for DOS
- Western Europe Code (Code Page 1252) for Windows
- 102-key Spain Keyboard Layout
Note: C/c with cedilla on the right side of the second row from the bottom is for Catalan (see below).
Spanish by the Internet
IBMPC and Compatibles
Macintosh
Other Computers
スペイン語ソフトの販売元
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スペイン語の変形
アンダルシアとその他のスペイン語方言
参考資料
言語
- 出口厚実「スペイン語学入門」 (大学書林、'97年8月) 4-475-01621-5 3,800円(税別)音韻論、形態論、統語論に分けて解説した著者の最新作
- 田澤耕「カタルーニャ語文法入門」(大学書林, 1991)
- John N. Green, "Spanish" (pp. 236-259) in Bernard Comrie, Editor, "The World's Major Languages" (Oxford University Press, 1990) 0-19-506511-5
コンピューター
- 三上吉彦・池田巧・山口真也「電脳外国語大学」(技術評論社, 1993)の内
- コンピュータによるスペイン語教育実践」(高橋覚二)
インターネット
- 雑誌「Internet User」(ソフトバンク)'96年5月号(p.174-177)に、高橋覚二「インターネット・マルチリンガル環境構築講座」:第7回スペイン語編
- 「The BASICマガジン(ざ・べ)」1995年10月号(技術評論社)の「OS/2 Warp特集」の内、高橋覚二「マルチリンガル環境からみたOS/2 Warp V3」(pp.65-75)
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Audio: Bon dia! Bona tarde!
- カタルーニャ語はスペイン北東部のカタルーニャ地方、バレンシア地方、バレアレス諸島、およびフランスやイタリアの1部で使われています。カタルーニャ地方はスペイン随一の産業地帯を持ち、ガウディ、ダリ、ミロ、カザルスを輩出した土地でもあります。カタルーニャの中心都市バルセロナで、1992年夏のオリンピック大会が開かれました。
- ロマンス語で、スペイン語、フランス語と似ています。13-14世紀に文学の黄金時代を迎え、今世紀フランコの時代には弾圧されましたが、1978年のスペイン新憲法で4つの公用語の1つとなっています。
- カタルーニャ語は英語と同じ26文字のアルファベットを用います。トランカーダをcの下に、閉口強調符(`)と開口強調符(')をeとoに、開口強調符(`)をaに、開口強調符をiとuに、分音符をiとuに付けることもあります。フランス語と同じで、eとiの前のgと、jは英語の"leisure"の"zh"の発音になります。llはスペイン語と似た発音(例えばMallorcaマリョルカ、マジョルカ島)、語尾ではフランス語のユ(例えばcollコーユ、首)、l-lと表記される場合はイタリア語と似た発音(例えばpel-li'culaペッリクラ、写真用フィルム)。
- カタルーニャ語のコードページは、拡張ASCIIコード(Code Page 437)または多言語コード(Code Page 850)を使います。
- カタルーニャ語用には、スペイン・キーボード(102キー)を使います。
注:キーボードの下から2段目1番右、トランカーダ付きC/cキーはカタルーニャ語処理用です。
- Lloran Comajoan's An Introduction to the Catalan Language & Culture
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ジュデズモ語またはユダヤ・スペイン語とも呼ばれ、15世紀末のスペインでの宗教的迫害を受けて、ヨーロッパ各地、北アフリカ、オスマントルコ帝国などに逃れたユダヤ人(セファルディム)が話すスペイン語ベースの言葉。現在は米国、イスラエルでも使われています。ドイツ、東ヨーロッパ系ユダヤ人(アシュケナディム)が話すイディッシュ語(ドイツ語の1種、やはりヘブライ文字で書く)も参照。
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This home page is written in HTML 3.2. Its contents were prepared by Yoshi Mikami. Please send your comments to ymikami@tky.3web.ne.jp. Created: Jan. 15, 1996. Last update: Feb. 10, 1998.